[ protective effect of royal jelly on liver tissue of adult female rats with experimental polycystic ovarian syndrome]

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is one of the common Clinical disorders, which is observed in 5-10% of women in their reproductive age. Its Clinical characteristics include anovulation, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and resistance to insulin. This study was carried out aiming at determining the protective effect of royal jelly on liver tissue in polycystic rats. In this experimental study, 32 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four 8-rat groups: 1] control group, which received just normal food and water; 2] experimental polycystic ovary syndrome [PCO] group, in them the syndrome was induced through intramuscular injection of a single dose of estradiol valerate, 4mg [0/4mL] per rat; 3] control royal Jell group, which orally received 90mg/kg royal Jelly daily, and 4] PCOS-royal Jelly group, in them PCOS was induced similar to the second group, and treated with royal Jelly similar to the third group. The treatment period was 63 days [9 weeks]. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected from all rats for biochemical analysis, then, their liver tissue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and sudan black stains. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Significance level was considered p<0.05. In this study, royal jelly decreased lipid reserves of liver cells and decreased the destructive effects of oxidative stress due to PCOS in liver tissue in the group of rats treated with royal jelly. According to the findings of this study, royal jelly has a protective effect on liver tissue of polysictic rats

[ effect of hydroalcoholic extract of descurainia sophia seed on the changes of testis tissue, sperm parameters, and testosterone level in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes]

The Use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetesis of particular clinical importance. Reproductive changes has been reported in Diabetic males. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Descurainia sophia seed on serum testosterone concentration, histology, and sperm parameters of testis tissue. In this experimental study, 24 male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Healthy control [C] Diabetic control [D], and under treatment diabetic group that received extract of Descurainia sophia [DK] at a dose of 100mg/kg.bw. Diabetic groups became diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, [65mg/kg.bw] and after completion of the treatment period, Heart blood sampling for determining the testosterone level was done for 42 days. Then, all rats were sacrificed and after dissection, sperms were collected from cauda epididymis, and their parameters, including count and morphology were evaluated. Testis samples were transferred into formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Sudan Black B. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters such as sperm number and morphology. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Significance level was considered p

[Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of plantago major leaf on serum level of insulin, glucose, and histology of pancreas and kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats]

Diabetes type 1 is caused by the lack of secretion of insulin. In this study, the effect of Plantago major on the serum level of insulin and glucose, and restorative effect of extract on pancreas tissue, and nephropathic effects of diabetes were studied. Thirty male rats were divided into three groups. The first group [healthy control] that was received normal saline, and other two group were diabetized by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. One group of diabetic mice received P. major leaf extract 100mg/kg/bw as intraperitoneal injection four 6 weeks and the third group was considered as diabetic control. After the treatment period, taking blood was performed and serum levels of glucose, insulin, creatinine, and BUN were measured. After preparation of tissue sections, H and E and PAS stainings were respectively done for pancreas and kidney. Histological studies were performed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. In this study, P. major leaf extract significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose, BUN, creatinine and significantly increased the serum level of insulin compared to diabetic group [p<0.05]. Also, it significantly increased the mean diameter and number of pancreatic islands [p<0.05]. Hypoglycemic effect of the extract of P. major leaf could be done through regeneration of pancreatic islands and could improve kidney complications of diabetes

[Evaluation of aqueous extract of berberis integerrima root on the testis tissue and testosterone levels in streptozotocine [STZ] induced diabetic rats]

Use of medicinal plants in treating diabetes is of particular clinical importance. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the effect of aqueous extract of berberis integerrima on testosterone level and changes of testicular tissue in diabetic rats. In this study, 40 male rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: 1- Control group [N], 2- Normal +barberry [N+B], group 3- Diabetic group [D] received Stereptozotocine [65 mg/kg bw, i.p.], 4- Diabetic+barberry group, 5- Diabetic+glibenclamide [0.6 mg/kg bw] group. The treatment groups daily received Barberry root extract [500 mg/kg bw] or glibenclamide intra gastric by gavage for 6 weeks, and the experimental period for each rat were 6 weeks. After finishing the treatment period, the animals were anesthetized and their testes were removed and transferred to 10% formalin. After fixing the samples, tissue sectioning, and staining by H and E technique, histological studies were performed by an optical microscope. The one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] followed by Tukey's post-hoc test was used for analysis of the data. The Statistical significance level was considered p<0.05. In this study, diabetes caused a significant decrease in testosterone level, diameter of seminiferous tubules, spermiogenesis coefficient, thickness of the epithelium, significant increases in interstitial tissue thickness and blood glucose in diabetic group compared to other groups. Administration of barberry root extract in diabetic rats restored these changes towards normal level. The results of this study showed that aqueous extract of Berberis Integerrima root has a desirable effect on the testosterone level, blood glucose, and histological changes of testes during the course of diabetes

Honey and metformin ameliorated diabetes-induced damages in testis of rat; correlation with hormonal changes

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on rise. Diabetes-induced oxidative stress has been known to affect liver, pancreas, kidney and reproductive organs pathologically. Honey is a natural product of bee with antioxidant properties. Current study aimed to analyze the protective effects of Metformin [MF] alone and MF+ natural honey co-administration on diabetes-induced histological derangements in testis of rats. Thirty six, mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including; control, honey-dosed non-diabetic, diabetes-induced [65 mg/kg, single dose], honey-administrated diabetic [1.0 g/kg/day], Metformin-received diabetic [100 mg/kg/day], Metformin and honey-co-treated diabetic which were followed 40 days. The animals were anesthetized by diethyl ether and the blood samples were collected. The serum levels of testosterone, Insulin, LH and FSH analyzed using antibody enzyme immunoassay method. The testicular tissues were dissected out and underwent to histological analyses. The biochemical analyses revealed that the diabetes resulted in significantly reduced testosterone [p<0.01], LH and FSH [P<0.01, 0.001] levels in serum. Light microscopic analyses showed remarkable [p<0.01] reduction in seminiferous tubules diameter [STD], spermiogenesis index [SPI] and thickness of the epithelium in the diabetic group versus control and co-treated groups. Simultaneous administration of the honey with MF could fairly up-regulate testosterone, LH and FSH levels. The animals in metformin and honey-treated group exhibited with improved tubules atrophy, elevated spermiogenesis index and germinal epithelium thickness. Our data indicated that co-administration of Metformin and honey could inhibit the diabetes-induced damages in testicular tissue. Moreover, the simultaneous administration of metformin and honey up-regulated the diabetes-reduced insulin, LH, FSH and testosterone levels